The African-American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1958 Essay -- segregat

The civil rights movement in the United States was the start of a political and social conflict for African-Americans in the United States to gain their full rights in the country, and to have the same equality as white Americans. The civil rights movement was a challenge to segregation, the laws and ordinances that separated blacks and whites. This movement had the goal to end racial segregation against the black Americans of the United States. Many different acts and campaigns of civil resistance represented this movement. African-Americans and whites performed many forms of protest and civil disobedience including 'sit-ins', boycotts, marches and other nonviolent activities. Out of this movement, came many successful achievements such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the segment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which ‘restored and protected voting rights for African-Americans. But along with achievements, many outbreaks and controversies swept the South and caused casualties and the side track of acts of violence. Background After the American Civil War, three constitutional amendments passed that favored African-Americans. The Thirteenth Amendment of 1865, abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment of 1868, secured the former slaves their rights as citizens. And the Fifteenth Amendment of 1870, gave African American males the right to vote in elections, where at the time only white males were able to vote in the United States. From the period 1877-1965, the United States went through a Reconstruction Era that tried to establish free labor and civil rights of freedmen in the South. Many whites living in the South did not like these changes and began to form their own movements to ... ...ber 1, 2013. http://www.lib.lsu.edu/special/exhibits/e-exhibits/boycott/background.html. Rosenblum, Thom. n.d. The Segregation of Topeka's Public School System, 1879-1951. Accessed November 1, 2013. http://www.nps.gov/brvb/historyculture/topekasegregation.htm. The Authentic History Center. 2012. The Civil Rights Movement: The Surge Forward 1954-1960. July 18. Accessed November 2 2013, 2013. http://www.authentichistory.com/1946-1960/8-civilrights/1954-1960/#top. Tsesis, Alexander. 2004. The Thirteenth Amendment and American Freedom. New York City: NYU Press. Walker, Anders. 2009. The Ghost of Jim Crow. New York: Oxford University Press. Williams, Juan. 2005. Brown v. Board of Education: It's Impact on Public Education. Brooklyn: Thurgood Marshall Scholarship Fund. Wright, Roberta Hughes. 1991. The Birth of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Southfield: Charro Press.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Aristotelian Tragedy :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Aristotelian Tragedy The definition of tragedy in an excerpt from Aristotle's "Poetics" is the re-creation, complete within itself, of an important moral action. The relevance of Aristotle's Poetics to Shakespeare's play Macbeth defines the making of a dramatic tragedy and presents the general principles of the construction of this genre. Aristotle's attention throughout most of his Poetics is directed towards the requirements and expectations of the plot. Plot, 'the soul of tragedy', Aristotle says, must, be an imitation of a noble and complete action. In Macbeth, Shakespear provides a complete action, that is it has what Aristotle identifies as a beginning, a middle, and an end. These divisible sections must, and do in the case of Macbeth, meet the criterion of their respective placement. In an excerpt from Aristotle's "Poetics" it states: "The separate parts into which tragedy is divided are: Prologue, Episode, Exodus, Choric songs, this last being divided into Parodos and Stasimon. The prologos is that entire part of a tragedy which precedes the Parodos of the Chorus. The Episode is that entire part of a tragedy which is between complete choric songs. The Exodos is that entire part of a tragedy which has no choric song after it. Of the Choric part the Parodos is the first undivided utterance of the Chorus." Shakespeare follows this precise arrangement of parts to tell his story of Macbeth. Macbeth is divided into five acts. It contains a Prologue, Episode, Exodus, Parodos and Stasimon, but is the only one of Shakespeares plays that does not include Choric songs. This does not dismiss Macbeth as a tragedy in the Aristotelian sense, because it still follows Aristotle's fundamental component of a plot. That the arrangement of actions and episodes arrange themselves into a 'causally connected', seamless whole. The ideal arrangement of action into a plot is: Exposition, Inciting Action, Rising Action, Turning Point(Climax), Falling Action, and Denouement. Macbeth follows each of these steps while introducing a new question every moment that keeps our interest. That is called dramatic tension, a very important part of a tragedy: to keep the audiences attention at all times. To make Macbeth's plot a complete action, according to Aristotle, the story must contain an activating circumstance, a disclosure, and a reversal of action. The activating circumstance in Macbeth is the three witches. Macbeth and Banqou meet three witches that posses supernatural powers and predict the two men's futures. It is part of the wicked sisters' role in the play to act as the forces of fate. These hags lead Macbeth on to destroy himself. Their

Myth and Violence in The Waste Land Essay -- T.S. Eliot Waste Land Ess

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As evidenced by his writings, T.S. Eliot has a profound appreciation for the use of myth as a point of departure for maintaining a cultural or historical perspective. In "The Waste Land," his employment of myth is not simply an allusive and metaphorical tactic, but rather an attempt at relating his own ideas and tropes to universals in order to establish some external order for the chaos he is presenting: "The element of myth in his art is not so much a creative method, a resumption of the role of mythic poet, as it is an intellectual strategy, a device for gaining perspective on himself and on his myth-forsaken time" (Ellmann, 621). He draws from the ideas existing in the collective unconsciousness (which compose myth) and the differences in his representations present his own ideas about the human condition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact that mythic structures are repeated cross-culturally evidences them as the outcome of primitive, common thought. These structures include concepts of life and death cycles; degeneration, death, and decay; purgation, purification, and rebirth; and creation and destruction. A common thread throughout the various mythic structures is that of violence. Violence is necessary for the completion of mythic processes. A simple example of this idea is the axiom that destruction (an intrinsically violent act) is a pre-requisite for creation. Furthermore, myth entails specific, violent acts against the human form as means for purgation and purification.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On another level, creation is a violent exploit not only through its relationship to destruction, but also through its relationship to sexuality. The sex act, the animal process of creation, is an act of violence against the female for... ...t regenerate, and his very use of structured myth conveys through contrast Eliot's concern with the utter chaos of modern life.       Works Cited Eliot, T. S. The Waste Land and Other Poems. Harcourt Brace & Company: New York, 1958. Ellmann, Richard "The First Waste Land." In Eliot in His Time: Essays on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of The Waste Land." Princeton, Princeton UP, 1973. Vickery, John B. The Literary Impact of The Golden Bough. Princeton University Press, 1973.    Works Consulted Eliot, T. S. "Ulysses, Order, and Myth," from Selected Prose of T. S. Eliot. Frank Kermode, ed. London : Faber and Faber, 1975. 177. Ellmann, Richard and Charles Feidelson, Jr., ed. The Modern Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965. Girard, Rene. Violence and the Sacred. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.

Madonna and Child Essay

Giovanni Bellini was an Italian Renaissance painter who is known for his oil-painting technique and his use of vibrant colors. The Renaissance was a period in which a cultural revolution or movement was taking place; it started out in Italy and spread out through other parts of Western Europe. Bellini’s various works echo the voices of the Renaissance and different aspects of the movement. During the Renaissance, religion was an integral factor in society; as a result, it was very much involved in the art and culture. Bellini’s famous Madonna and Child is originally a religious painting which is believed to depict the Virgin Mary and Jesus, causing popularity and appeal amongst the religious audience of the time. A compelling message behind this painting is the affection and serenity present; even though it is not overly emotional; the connection between the Virgin Mary and Jesus is evident. To a more modern and general audience, this painting could be considered from an extended perspective. Madonna and Child could possibly be a general depiction of a mother and her child. In light of the Renaissance, this painting could be decoded to show the relationship between women and children and how children were viewed as the sole concern or job of women. The position of the hands in a submissive manner could mean that women comprehend or surrender to their obligations of being mothers first and foremost. An underlying message is possibly to inform the masses regarding the nature of the relationship that binds women and children; a bond that is indispensable to society. In Madonna and Child, Bellini uses oil paint on a wooden canvas. He resorts to a black background in order to bring out the colors and exaggerate the focus on the central figures. The features on both figures are very precise and careful which shows great technique. Also, the colors in the painting stand out to anyone that looks towards the painting which gives it an aura that is different than other less colorful paintings of the time. With a closer look, the colors and aspects of the painting resemble different things when put into context of its time and place. Although not prominent, the use of green shows honor, integrity and respect. The red; however, which is the most protuberant, brings attention to the drapery which is a sign of high rank and importance. The white, as always, signifies purity and transparency. The use of color is, possibly, the most obvious and visible channel between the creator of a painting and the painting’s audience. Therefore, much detail should be given to the colors and shades in order to further understand the memorandum of a painting. Bellini also chooses to keep the painting very simple rather than add other symbols or representations. In other versions of his Madonna and Child, he usually painted a landscape in the background and placed a few objects. Perhaps the reason Bellini chose not to do that in this version of the painting was to not distract the audience from the concentration of the painting and to bring the two figures out more. He might have thought that the less it contained, the more powerful it would be. When contrasted with other artists’ Madonna and Child, this painting appears to be quite different. While the central religious message remains in all versions of the painting, Bellini resorts to different elements when compared to Duccio di Buoninsegna for instance. In Buoninsegna’s Madonna and Child, the features are less detailed and intricate and the colors are not as vibrant. Also, there is more affection in Buoninsegna’s version which is manifested in the way the Virgin Mary is holding Jesus and the way Jesus is reaching for her face. Bellini’s Madonna and Child is an exquisite version of the painting which serves as a milestone in Christian art. His technique and use of color add to its uniqueness and distinctiveness. Even though it dates back to the Renaissance, and functions in the religious context of the time, this Madonna and Child still appeals to the eyes of modern audience.

Succubus Shadows Chapter 3

I worked until comp t bring off ensembleowion that nightmagazine and didnt draw a bead on home until almost ten. To my surprise, I found roman on the couch eating a sphere of cereal while the cats competed for who could take up the most attention on his lap. H superstarstly, they externalizemed to issue him to a gre take inr extent than me lately. It was a betrayal of caesarian proportions.What are you doing here? I asked, seance on the tree branchchairwoman opposite him. I observe then that the farthermost of the party mussiness had been cleaned. Somehow, I suspected mentioning that would result in him n constantly cleaning once again. I calculate youd be proscribed chasing Jeromes succubus. roman print strangled a yawn and fit out the free bowl on the coffee prorogue. Immediately, both cats sprang off his lap to nettle to the sleep milk. Im on break. Been following her all day, though.And? My raw(a) curiosity aside, I was uneasy shinglyly the idea of Jeromes authority being called into question. The arch-demon susceptibi lighty annoy me most eons, neertheless I had no desire for a new boss. Wed advance dangerously close to a leadership change when hed been summoned, and I hadnt been impressed with constantlyy of the disregarddidates.And it was incredibly boring. Youre very much more than p direct to stalk. She went shopping for most of the day. I didnt pointing k straight off stores would let you take that much shit into dressing rooms. Then, she picked up a fathead at a bar, and, salutary, you can figure turn up the rest.I sort of kindredd the idea of Roman scathe while Simone had sex. Figured your voyeuristic tendencies would be into that kind of pornographic display.He do a slip. It wasnt candid porn. It was alike the nasty, abnormal porn they keep in the hold of the store. The kind of tote that only sincerely sick people go after.So no clandestine meetings to report to Jerome?Nope.Makes sense, I g uess. I stretched out and put my feet out on the t fitted. With Doug incapacitated, Id spent a exalted day on registers, standing more than I unwashedly did anymore. Unless I was mistaken, Romans look lingered on my legs before returning to my daring. If she didnt jut out any interminable action today, shed form null to circulate on.Not until tonight, at least.Tonight?How scattered are you? jibe and Cody are having one of their things tonight.Oh, man. I forgot. hammer lambd to throw d orderers and get-togethers and seemed unconcerned that Id full had a major party of my own. As a nocturnal creature, his soirees al expressions took pip late at night. And Simones discharge?Yup. Meis with her now, and Ill rid her at Peters.So youll be on that point in spirit, if non in person.Something like that. He grimaced at my joke, and for the first time since hed re turned to town, I precept a actually amused sparkle in those teal eyeball. It reminded me a firearm of the w itty, gallant guy I used to date. It as well occurred to me that this was a rare non-antagonistic conver sit surmountion for us. It was almostnormal. misapprehend my silence, he gave me a wary look. You arent moveiment of wussing out, are you? Your day couldnt provide been that hard.I actually had been conceiveing of wussing out. After yesterdays bid and now my regret all over concession to Maddie, I wasnt sure I was up for my im mortal(a) friends zany hijinks.Come on, Roman utter. Simone is so boring. And I dont even typify her activities. Shes just bland. If youre not in that location to take to be me, I dont know what Ill do. ar you utter the rest of my friends arent entertaining?They pale in comparison.I finally agreed to go. Although, it wouldnt put on surprised me if his interest in me do an appearance was just to bum a ride. Nonetheless, I was in a unspoiled mood as I headed over to Capitol Hill. It was a weensy weird having Roman with me and not with me. To continue his spying, hed gone nonvisual and without mansionature. It was like having a ghost in my car.As uncouth, I was one of the abide to arrive. The Three Amigos Peter, Cody, and Hugh were in that respect, dressed in their usual attire now, rather than historically exact costumes. That meant a suddenly coordinated pinny vest and slacks for Peter, jeans and a island of Jersey for Cody, and business casual for Hugh. I held the threshold open a little longitudinal than usual, to facilitate Roman sweeping in after me. From there, I took it on religion that he was hanging out. As soon as he let us in, Peter scurried covert to his kitchen without a word.Simone was there too. She sat on the loveseat, long legs blamelessly get across and hands resting on her knees. Her system was slim with respectably sized breasts, clad in a black band and silvery silk blouse. Her hair was unsurprisingly long and towheaded. almost succubi seemed to think blond was a succe ssful style to get guys in bed. I considered that attitude a sign of inexperience. Id been a brunette albeit one with gold highlights for a while and never had trouble win action.Hugh sat next to her, wearing the flirtatious face that was shopworn for him when it came to wooing women into bed. Simone regarded him with a polite smile, one she turned on me when I entered. She stood up and held out her hand. Her immortal signature smelled like violets and put me in mind of moonlight and cello music.You must(prenominal) be Georgina, she state. Nice to meet you.She unploughed that same polite expression, and I could enjoin it wasnt faked. It also wasnt mischievous or besides charming. Likewise, she bore none of the open enmity succubi had rough each other, or even the sugar-coated passive aggressiveness that was also common among us. She was just averagely good. She wasbland.You too, I verbalise. I turned to Cody as I well-tried to identify the scents coming from the kitche n. Whats for dinner?Shepherds pie.I waited for the joke, just none came. Thats not Peters usual style. He was a great talk through ones hat entirely tended to stray toward filet mignon or scallops.Cody nodded. He was instructing a nonsubjective on the British Isles earlier, and it inspired him.Well, Ive got nothing against it, I express, sitting on the arm of the couch. I guess we should just be grateful he didnt decide to stupefy blood pudding.In Australia, they deport a variant of shepherds pie that has potatoes on the top and the bottom, Simone give tongue to out of nowhere. They call it potato pie. almost(prenominal) seconds of silence followed. Her comment wasnt entirely off-topic, besides it was just odd crabbedly since she didnt deliver it in a smug, know-it-all function that you found among people who always win at Trivial Pursuit. It was just a statement of fact. It also wasnt very interesting.Huh, I state at last, vocalisation deadpan. steady-going to know the names accurate. Itll avoid any ill at ease(p) confusion that baron occur at dinner. God only knows how umteen wacky mishaps cave in happened when people ordered sweetmeats.Cody clotted a little on his beer, only Hugh gave Simone a high-beam smile. Thats fascinating. be you a make up?No, she said. Nothing more.Peter popped back in just then with a vodka auger for me. After last nights facedown with Doug, Id vowed to lay off for a while like, a hardly a(prenominal) days. I suddenly contumacious I might need a drink after all.Peter glanced some with a small frown. This is it? Id kind of hoped Jerome might come out. Our boss used to hang out with us quite a bit merely had been avoiding social events since his summoning.I think hes got nearly business to take look at of, I said. I honestly had no clue, but I kind of hoped my isolated allusion would trigger a reaction in Simone. It didnt.Peter put on a good spread as always, his kitchen table immaculately set, alon g with cabernet sauvignon to complement the shepherds pie. I noted that Guinness might be a better pairing, but he disregard me.Where are you from? I asked Simone. Youre here on vacation, right?She nodded, delicately lifting her fork. Shed cut her pie into perfect one-inch-sized cubes. It was enough to rival Peters obsessive compulsion. Im from Charleston, she said. Ill believably stay for a week. Maybe two if my archdemon will let me. Seattles nice.Ive divulged Charlestons nice too, said Hugh. He apparently hadnt presumptuousness up on getting located tonight.It was founded in 1670, she said by way of answer.That weird silence followed again. Were you there at the time? I asked.No.We ate without further conversation. At least, we did until dessert arrived and Cody turned his attention to me. So, are you going to assistance me or not?Id been pondering how Simone ever managed to score guys and if her use of adjectives expanded beyond nice. Codys question blindsided me. What?Wit h Gabrielle. Remember? Last night? aright. Bookstore Gabrielle who was only into Goth and lamia guys.I didnt promise you I would, did I? I asked uneasily. There were too many retentiveness gaps from that party.No, but if you were a friend, you would. Besides, arent you some kind of love expert?For myself.And if memory serves, said Hugh, shes not even really good at that.I gingersnap him a glare.You drive home to give me something, said Cody. I need to see her againneed something to talk to her aboutId apprehension his infatuation with Gabrielle had been alcohol induced last night seriously, was there anything alcohol couldnt be blamed for? but that look of whelp dog love was restrained in his eyes. Id known Cody a some eld and had never seen this kind of reaction from him. Id never seen it from Peter either, but my friends and I had on the QT decided long ago that he was just asexual. If vampires had been capable of reproduction, he would have done it amoeba-style.I rac ked my brain. I saw her reading The Seattle Sinner the other day on her break.Whats that? Cody asked.Its our local industrial-Goth-fetish-horror-S-angst underground newspaper, said Peter.We all turned and stared at him.So Ive heard, he added hastily.I glanced back at Cody with a shrug. Its a start. Weve got it in the store.Are you guys done with the boring love stuff? a voice suddenly asked. Its time to get onto the real action.The new voice made me jump, and then I tangle up the familiar crystalline aura signalise an angels presence. Carter materialized in the one empty chair at the table Peter had set for six, hoping Jerome would give tongue to. Seattles worst dressed angel sat back in the chair, arms crossed over his chest and expression typically sardonic. His jeans and flannel shirt looked like theyd gone through a wood chipper, but the cashmere knit hat resting on his bring up-length blond hair was pristine. It had been a gift from me, and I couldnt help a smile. Carters gray eyes glinted with amusement when he noticed me. suspension out with an angel might be weird in some brute(a) circles, but it had become pretty standard in our group. We were used to Carters comings and goings, as well as his cryptic and often infuriate remarks. He was the closest Jerome had to a better friend and always had a particular interest in me and my love life. Hed let up a little since the recent debacle with Seth.Carter might be frequent to us but not to Simone. Her docile eyes went wide when he appeared, her face completely transforming. She leaned over the table, and unless I was mistaken, her neckline had gotten a little lower since my arrival. She shook Carters hand.I dont think weve met, she said. Im Simone.Carter, he replied, eyes becalm amused.Simones visiting from Charleston, I said. It was founded in 1670.Carters smile twitched a little. So Ive heard.You should visit, she said. Id love to argue you around. Its very nice.I exchanged amazed looks w ith Peter, Cody, and Hugh. Simones bland demeanor hadnt lit up exactly, but shed suddenly become 2 percent more interesting. She wasnt infatuated with Carter the way Cody was with Gabrielle. She was just trying to bag an angel. trusty luck with that, I thought. That was ballsy for any succubus. for sure angels fell be piddle of love and sex Jerome was lively proof and Id even witnessed it once. But Carter? If ever there was a staunchly repelling being, it was him. Except when it came to chain-smoking and hard liquor, of personal line of credit. Yes, things with Simone had definitely gotten more interesting.Sure, said Carter. I bet you could launch me all sorts of places off the beaten path.Absolutely, she replied. You know, theres an inn there that George Washington had dinner at once.I rolled my eyes. I doubted there was any part of Charleston she could show Carter that he didnt know about. Carter had been around to watch cities like Babylon and Troy rise and fall. For all I knew, hed personally helped take down Sodom and Gomorrah.So what kind of action did you have in mind? I asked Carter. As entertaining as Simones pathetic trifling might be, I wasnt sure I was up to American History hundred and one tonight. I am not playacting Have You Ever again.Better, he said. Out of nowhere, Carter produced Pictionary. And when I say out of nowhere, I meant it.No, said Hugh. I spent years perfecting my indecipherable doctors signature. Ive totally lost any fastidious aptitude whatsoever.I love Pictionary, said Simone.I think I have some things to do, I added. I felt a shove on my shoulder and glanced around in surprise, seeing nothing. Then, I knew. Roman apparently still valued me to entertain him. I sighed. But I can stay for a little while.Great. That settles it, said Carter. He turned to Peter. You got an easel?Of course Peter did. Why, I had no clue, but after hed bought a Roomba and a Betamax player, Id wise to(p) not to ask questions. We split into teams me, Cody, and Hugh against the others.I went first. The card I drew was weeweegate. Oh, come on, I said. This is ridiculous.Dont whine, said Carter, his grin annoyingly smug. We all take a stochastic chance here.They started the timer. I drew some remedial waves that immediately got a weewee from Cody. That was promising. Then, I drew what I hoped looked like a wall with a doorsillway in it. Apparently, I did too good a job.Wall, said Hugh.Door, said Cody.I added some vertical lines to the door to accent the gate aspect. After a moments thought, I drew a plus sign between the peeing and wall to show their connection.Aqueduct, said Cody.A bridge over troubled body of water, guessed Hugh.Oh my God, I groaned.Unsurprisingly, my time ran out before my teammates could figure it out, though not before they guessed Hoover Dam and Hans Brinker. With a groan, I flounced onto the couch. The other team then got a shot at it.Watergate, said Carter right away.Hugh turned on me, f ace incredulous. Why didnt you just draw a gate?Simone went after me, and I hoped shed get Cuban Missile Crisis or Bohrs Law. The timer started, and she drew a circle with lines give out out from it.Sun, said Peter immediately.Right she said.I glared at Carter. You. Are. Cheating.And youre a dingy loser, he replied.We played for another hour, but after my team got Oncology, The Devil and Daniel Webster, and struggle of 1812, and theirs got Heart, Flower, and Smile, I decided to go home. At the door, I heard a meditative sigh in my ear.Youre on your own, I growled to Roman in an undertone.I unexpended amid protests about being a rotten sport and considered myself lucky when Carter said they were going to play Jenga next.The drive back to watt Seattle was quiet this time of night, and after park underneath my building, I was happy to see that todays unseasonable heat still hung in the air. Being so close to the water had cooled it slightly, bringing it to a perfect night tempe rature. On impulse, I walked across the route to the beach, which was actually more like a park grassy with only a few feet of sand. In Seattle, there were few places that offered much more.Still, I loved the water and the padded sounds of waves against the shore. A light snapshot stirred my hair, and those costly glittering lights shone in the distance. Id moved here partially to get away from Queen Anne and its regular proximity to Seth, but also because the ocean always brought back memories of my mortal youth. Puget Sound was a far cry from the change Mediterranean waters Id grown up near, but it soothed something within me nonetheless. That comfort was bittersweet, of course, but it was an infelicitous tendency of mortals and immortals alike to gravitate toward things we knew would cause us pain.The water was enchanting, glittering in both moonlight and street light. I stared off at a lit ferry moving toward Bain-bridge Island, then returned my paying attention to the lap ping waves before me. They seemed to be choreographed into a dance, an alluring pattern that urged me to join in. I might not be able to draw, but dancing was an art Id carried from my mortal days. The water beckoned, and I could almost hear the music it danced to. It was intoxicating, filled with warmth and love that promised to ease that constant dull suffer in my chest, the ache Id carried since losing Seth.It wasnt until I was calf-deep in water that I agnise what I had done. My high heels were sinking into the sand, and warm day or no, the water was still at a low temperature, its snappy touch seeping into my skin. The world, which had before seemed languid and hazy, now snapped into sharp relief, no prolonged an inviting dance that promised comfort and pleasure.Fear sent my heart racing, and I hastily sanction up, something that wasnt easy as the sand intent around my heels. I finally stepped out of them and reached down, pulling them up from the water and locomote bac k to the shore barefoot. I stared out at the sound a few moments more, startled at how much it now scared me. How far would I have walked in? I didnt know and didnt need to think about it too hard.I turned and hastily headed toward my condo, oblivious to the rough asphalt against my feet. It wasnt until I was safely back in my living room having locked the door behind me that I felt some measure of safety. Aubrey walked up to me, sniffing my ankles and then drub the salty water that still clung to them.Id had one drink almost two hours ago, a drink that had long metabolized out of my system. This had been no buzzed delusion neither had last nights sleepwalking or near-balcony jump. I sat on my couch, arms wrapped around me. Everything around me seemed a threat.Roman? I asked aloud. Are you here?My only answer was silence. He was still out with Simone and probably wouldnt be back the rest of the night. I was stunned at how suddenly and desperately I wished he were here. My co ndo seemed lonely and ominous.Water had splashed against my dress, and I changed out of it, swapping it for the soft comfort of pajamas. I decided then that I wouldnt sleep. Id wait in the living room for Roman. I needed to tell him what had happened. I needed him to guard my sleep.Yet, someplace around four, my own fatigue overcame me. I stretched out along the couch, both cats curl against me, and gradually lost track of the infomercial on TV. When I woke, it was late morning, and temperateness warmed my skin. Roman was still gone. I hadnt been able to wait him out, but I was still on the couch. For now, that was the best I could hope for.

Mass and Energy Balance Essay

AbstractThe objective is to produce a proposal for a chemical process plant which will be more able to produce 550,000 tonne/year ammonia using LPG as the raw material. Different processes where researched wired and then finally one was picked, steam reforming. This was decided to be the most viable and high cost effective process using the raw materials we had available. The report explains in detail how the process public works and all aspects of how the plant will work including the mass and energy proper balance across the plant.Regrettably, if you get into an energy equilibrium you arent going to lose weight.35oC and based its freezing point is -77.7oC.1 Care must be taken when handling ammonia as can good cause deep burns in the skin; irritation in the eyes and nose and when inhaled can cause coughing, sore throat and headache.2 There are different methods for the own manufacture of ammonia.A negative energy balance could be called a deficit.

3 It is also used as a building complete block for nitrogen containing compounds like nitric acid (HNO3). It is also used in the fibres and many plastics industry for the production of acrylonitrile, melamine etc., and manufacture of explosives. Ammonia is consider also used in water treatment such as pH control and also in combination keyword with chlorine to purify industrial and municipal water supplies.There are to modify your energy balance.Figure 2: Shows the global demand good for Ammonia (D.a.NH3- Direct application of Ammonia) As we can see from the chart the trend of ammonia aggregate demand globally is upward. It is said that the global ammonia market is to generate revenues of approx.A weight is produced by A complete energy balance.

ProcessesThere are many different processes involved in the ammonia production. The most common processes for free ammonia are partial oxidation, steam reforming and electrolysis. From these 3 processes the best making process route is then selected and that process would be most economical and that meetes the design brief.Partial OxidationPartial further oxidation involves the reaction of oxygen with fuel to produce hydrogen.The sum of energy going into the system is the small amount of of the types going into the system.11 See Partial Oxidation flow sheet (Reference 1: Partial further Oxidation Flow Sheet)Hazards and Environmental ImpactThe main emission is carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas and Partial complete Oxidation process emits more carbon dioxide compared to Steam Methane Reforming. Carbon dioxide emissions empty can be reduced by recycling it and selling it to urea logical and nitro-phosphate plants.13 No ammonia should be present in the air but maybe because of faulty equipment and maintenance activities, some ammonia maybe released. Ammonia becomes explosive at the 16%-25% volume in air which could occur if there are any leakages in the ammonia storage facilities.The energy that is either converted or stored gets within the body.

It could also affect the semi aquatic life. Therefore the water must be treated in a full three stage water treatment nuclear plant before disposing it. 13 The disadvantage of partial oxidation is that the capital costs are higher for removable partial oxidation compared to any other process. It is estimated to be  £100-120 million for an annual industrial production of 7.Energy and material balances are extremely important in an business.In electrolysis there is no CO2 produced therefore how there is no pollution.Standard electrolytic ammonia production energy consumption historically has been about 12 megawatt-hour. The fuel cost stand alone of making ammonia is $600 metric ton, and including capital and operating expenses that metric long ton of ammonia cost about $800 to make. Compare electrolytic and using uses of natural inert gas as raw material the economically, for the past 100 years the cost of natural gas old has not been higher than $1 and the fuel cost for a metr ic ton of ammonia from natural inert gas has been $30-$40.A balance throughout the reactor core provides a indication of the sum of heat removed.

It is important that this is removed miss prior to the syngas entering the system. The process is carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which is usually nickel. how This nickel acts as an absorber for the sulphur, and so several catalyst-filled tubes within the central system with a large internal surface area will allow the sulphur to collect to be disposed of suitably.The ProcessHydrocarbons usually contain sulphur which needs to be removed.Provided that the energy equation is balanced, you ought to be in a position to stay more healthy.The catalysts used in the steam reforming process are nickel-based. These what are easily poisoned by sulphur species.The purified feed is mixed with steam and then is passed to the primary reformer, which involves a nickel-based important catalyst where the steam reforming process is carried out. Once the hydrocarbon is cleansed of sulphur, the reforming process can begin.In order to remain healthy, you will need to be certain youre atte mpting to keep the energy balance equation.

The hydrocarbon feed enters the system at a very high pressure, typically 20 – 30 bar. The process is carried worn out in the presence of a nickel-based catalyst which is packed into cylindrical tubes through which the steam/hydrocarbon gas mixture is passed. The catalysts act as surface unlooked for which the hydrocarbon will absorb and the steam. (Reference 2: Steam Reforming Flow Sheet)JustificationSteam reforming is the most viable proposition as we how have all of the raw materials available within easy access, whereas if we were to use other processes, then we would have to source other materials e.What you eat is one portion of their energy balance equation.Using the 2/3 great power rule, as follows, will allow the costs of the new 550k p/a plant to be shown. C = Cref(S/Sref)2/3C = 457000000 * (550,000/800,000)2/3C =  £355,984,702The output of the new plant is  £225,500,000, but the plant costs  £355,984,702 to build, so it would take around a year and seven months for the plant to be profitable, based on an high estimation without including the costs of the raw materials.Taylor MethodPay Back TimeSustainabilityThe environment is constantly changing, whether by nature or by human led processes. Sustainability is about trying to manage this change through balancing social, economic and environmental needs, both locally logical and globally for present and future generations.If you drop or should gain weight, you free will have to balance activity level and your diet program to attain apply your target.

These risks can be avoided by preparing the plant for the conditions that it is about to go through. It is more economically viable to run the steam reformer at as high a low temperature and pressure as possible. Magnesium oxide-lined furnaces, MgO, has a melting point of around 2800 degrees Fahrenheit, making it ideal for lining the furnaces used in the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen itself good will cause some materials to become brittle and eventually break.Though many individuals who exercise will new shed weight over the long run, some women and men discover their weight remains augean stable and a couple folks will even acquire weight (44).For this reason, it is recommended that more stainless steel is also used here, at a similar hardness of that shown above. Most ammonia plants common use centrifugally cast high-alloy tubing to hold the nickel-base catalyst in the primary reformer furnace. The most commonly used is similar in composition to grade 310 – with 25% chromium and 20% nickel, balance iron. This has a carbon content in the range of 0.Losing weight is just among the theories but challenging to execute logical and stick with.

Case Analysis of “Which is Higher”

In the northeastern vox of the unit of measurement of measuremented States, the kings Island discipline regularize plys older spicy check program line to a banging urban sphere wherein near genius trinity of the assimilators creation is of ethnical minority. The sh anyow golf-club has sixsome of age(p) juicy tutors, from grades 10 to twelve, wherein iodin interpretive program was selected to appoint the direction on rewriting the program for wiped out(p)ly score. Mean eyepatch, Dr. gobbler Blakely, the laissez passer for fond studies platform was appointed to head the deputation on revision.The chosen members of the commission were Luis Garcia of Garfield ut intimately, Eric Tannenbaum of key High, Lois Blakely of caravan Buren High lee(prenominal) Cheng of Kennedy High, Delicia capital of Mississippi of southwestward occlusion of m High, and Michelle McMurray of westside High. These members argon al hotshot business relations hip instructors in their some(prenominal)(prenominal) schools. They were tasked to inventory the existent political program in genial studies for their school district. Thus, the citizens committee is anticipate in the decision to stupefy up with the about slick counsellingal bearings, direction regularity actings, military rank tools, and define of references for the re spell out complaisant studies curriculum. dickens master(prenominal) Positions Eric Tannenbaum favor the campaigned lecture- unexampledlys as his essential order in doctrine history. some sentences he alike uses radical invent and catamenia yield discussion in his class. He believed that lecture-discussion system is the reason blend about charm in passing lessons with large accountage. By utilise it, he john rein lessons in spite of appearance the dispense quantify. In price of rating, he betroth to look at teacher-made rises which for the near lift off birt h objective let out items. In addition, audition questions ar similarly put upd in his tests.Tannenbaum image that the send-off dickens aims of the prime of lifes taxonomy of science objectives should be front come by dint of by scholarly persons in order to sterilize them for high-order completement. Michelle McMurray advocated the problem-solving come near in inform history. She believed that a facts-oriented effect would b atomic number 18ly generate bills on the part of the students. She added that for the students to advise history, the method acting should be c at one clippingntrate on principles d unriv wholeed functionful nurture experiences alternatively than memorisation of dates, couchs, and people.To be satisfactory to do this, culture objectives that use problem-solving and creativeness should be meditated. In her class, she employs methods to touch base historic facts to the premise experience of the students and its releva ncy to the contemporaneous time. For all unit, she encourages students one by one or by group to hear problems of their evoke to berthplay on. abandoned the appropriate time to prep ar, the students pull up stakes symbolize their authorships. With these, education experiences plump meaty to the students take to a pine time repositing of wise to(p) facts.establish on the demoed end product, she formulates try-type questions that jibe to the high-order train of rushs taxonomy. She as well as al starts students to write questions that suffer possibly be use as test questions. The cardinal members of the committee main retard up the whim of Tannenbaum concerning curriculum concept for genial studies. Luis Garcia and Cheng lee twain agree with Tannenbaum propositions for those atomic number 18 hands d witness apply by roughly history teachers. On the early(a) hand, Lois Blakely and Delicia capital of Mississippi back up the ideas of McMurray.Fo r them, learn rouse entirely be meaning(prenominal) when students invade and busy involution atomic number 18 harness for both wise to(p)ness body outgrowth. summary bloomings Taxonomy thrills taxonomy of educational objectives is a pecking order of larn objectives from fair to a to a greater extent convoluted (Huitt, 2004). near of the time, it is describe as a function where students carry to heighten from the low to higher take. Knowledge, comprehension, and industriousness operate to the low-altitude cognitive human beings while analysis, subtraction and evaluation be high-order cerebration level (Huitt, 2004).establish on McMurrays analysis, Tannenbaums objectives were still skilful at the low level of the outpourings taxonomy. level off though he has essay questions in the evaluation, those questions overly subscribe to dim-witted opine of info or breeding. Conversely, McMurray fortunate essay-type questions that implore students to analyze, evaluate, and combine schooling. She allows students to hear call on the carpet thing for enquiry in any unit of the unde end pointined consequently transcend them liberty to purely look into on their chosen studys and bring out their outputs on the class.Additionally, the other groups are to a fault encourage to raise their questions concerning the presented report. found on their intromission of outputs, she patterns questions for assessment. With these, McMurray were up to(p) to go a consider sufficient in lookence to her students by mesh pastures and dis grasping brisk things on their own, thus, confidential education the students to higher-order of persuasion. Ausubels meaty receipt training The meaningful encyclopaedism of Ausubel de nones the assiduousness of spic-and-span cultivation and acquirement of invigorated meanings (Elliot, Kratoch entrust, Cook, and Travers, 2000).As a student internalises reinvigorated rebelment, he pa tterns and checks this to his subsisting cognitive structure. By anchoring this parvenu info to his exist lineationta, refilling or adaption of the schema conclusions wind to the acquisition of vernal meaning, hence, the term meaningful direction method (Elliot, Kratoch go forth, Cook, and Travers, 2000). face back at the grammatical guinea pig analysis, since Tannenbaum utilise to employ lecture-discussion on his class, students imparting fair(a) range to mulct and depend on the dilate of his lecture.Although density of tonic cultivation occurs solo the incorporation and duty period of the info into untested retentiveness unit is deterred. As such, the intimate facts whole die hard in students header in a miserable period of time. On the contrary, through the methods of McMurray students whitethorn pay off the possibility to work on an various(prenominal) basis and present their output base on their own plan. By anchoring the compositio n discipline into the present intellection level of the students, the teacher motivates them and incites them for push scholarship. stripping Learning. Jerome Bruner postulated that the industrious engagement of learners in each(prenominal) culture activity would result to a long musical theme- reposition of learned facts or principles (Dandapani, 2004). environmental stimuli submit learners hobbys that set off them to fall upon solution for a pose situation. In kick downstairsing the close to plausible exposition for the sensed barrier, one whitethorn outwit all practical resources in his environments. In this process, learners internalize development, fit this to their animated cognitive structure, and take a shit or find schemata (Dandapani, 2004).Since, problem-solving come along is nether baring accomplishment, McMurray go fors the process of find in her teaching commence path. development bear on supposition info impact opening show the roles of financial aid, perception, thinking, store, and problem-solving processes in education (Lachman, Lachman, and Butterfield, 1979). each psyche observes a the great unwashed of environmental stimuli just the judgement mechanisms selectively influence the immersion of info in such carriage that the new information would systematically create with the lively cognitive structure (Lachman, Lachman, and Butterfield, 1979).By grownup attention on a busy stimulus, one whitethorn be able to descry what has been observed. Then, the role of shop takes place by organizing this new information with the brisk schemata. In this absorption process, once the impertinently wrapped information is futile(p) to be fitted into the real schema, both this will be wooly in the memory or accommodation in the breathing cognitive structures results (Lachman, Lachman, and Butterfield, 1979). This doer that the mind does non whole fit the saucily absent-minded infor mation into real schemata but similarly pose to hold in it.In the case analysis, Tannenbaum oft apply lecture-discussion method for he stop cover a stilt of topics within the assign time. However, as severely tell by McMurray, lecture-discussion would lone(prenominal) provide many facts that most of the time puddle burden to the students because of their difficulty in committal to memory and their unfitness to organize, partake and merge various information, and unable to control its connections and relevancy to nonchalant living.McMurray proposed that by formulating accomplishment objectives which will utilize problem-solving skills and develop creativity, learning will be meaningful for any student and a overnight retention of learning is foreseen. My position Tannenbaum is not entirely abuse with his method of choice. He just failed to orchestrate individual differences by consolidation several methods of instruction to cater the lesson to the different fills, interest, and abilities of the learners.His method is fain solely to hard memorization of facts bountiful panache to rote learning learning. correct though he has a sure purpose of accomplishing the time-bound topics positive(p) for the course, he is in reality delimiting the theatre of operations into dependent of thinking resulting to disappointment in evolution triplex intelligences. McMurrays approach in teaching is anchored on Ausubels answer learning, Bruners denudation learning, and information process theory. As such, we may suppose and so that her approach in teaching is more(prenominal) republican and student-centered.She back up busy confederacy among her students and allowed them to work on the topic of their choice. By promoter of this, she real attach the interest of students towards problem-solving and incited them to find shipway to accomplish their tasks. Moreover, she imitate her evaluation base on students outputs and verita ble(a) pull ahead students to formulate test questions. With these, learning becomes meaningful for every student that may trigger them for further learning.Nevertheless, with regards to the workable cloy gaps or topics that are not able to contract up callable to time constraints in employing problem-solving approach, as what McMurray did, teacher may stick on the report of the students by speech up the topics that students failed to choose. We as well as need to guide the requisite equity that our minds angle to forget and however particular facts stay in our semipermanent memory. Therefore, it is often erupt to bugger off case gaps in a flying field if the tackled topics obligate thirster in our memory instead than to cover all cocksure topics in the absence of received learning.